Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

priority over others

  • 1 ♦ priority

    ♦ priority /praɪˈɒrətɪ/
    n. [cu]
    priorità; precedenza: the priority of a claim, la priorità di un diritto; priority over others, precedenza sugli altri; to set priorities, stabilire le priorità; first (o top) priority, precedenza assoluta; to give [to take] priority, dare [avere] la precedenza
    ● priority industry, industria prioritaria □ priority objectives, obiettivi prioritari □ (comput.) priority queue, coda con priorità.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ priority

  • 2 over

    over ['əʊvə(r)]
    au-dessus de ⇒ 1A (a) sur ⇒ 1A (b), 1B (a), 1B (b) par-dessus ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (c) plus de ⇒ 1C (a) au sujet de ⇒ 1D (a) plus ⇒ 2B (b) encore ⇒ 2B (d) fini ⇒ 3
    A.
    (a) (above) au-dessus de;
    ∎ a bullet whistled over my head une balle siffla au-dessus de ma tête;
    ∎ they live over the shop ils habitent au-dessus du magasin;
    ∎ the plane came down over France l'avion s'est écrasé en France
    (b) (on top of, covering) sur, par-dessus;
    ∎ put a lace cloth over the table mets une nappe en dentelle sur la table;
    ∎ she wore a cardigan over her dress elle portait un gilet par-dessus sa robe;
    ∎ she wore a black dress with a red cardigan over it elle avait une robe noire avec un gilet rouge par-dessus;
    ∎ I put my hand over my mouth j'ai mis ma main devant ma bouche;
    ∎ he had his jacket over his arm il avait sa veste sur le bras;
    ∎ with his hat over his eyes le chapeau enfoncé jusqu'aux yeux;
    ∎ we painted over the wallpaper nous avons peint par-dessus la tapisserie;
    ∎ she was hunched over the wheel elle était penchée sur la roue
    ∎ he was watching me over his newspaper il m'observait par-dessus son journal;
    ∎ I peered over the edge j'ai jeté un coup d'œil par-dessus le rebord;
    ∎ he fell/jumped over the cliff il est tombé/a sauté du haut de la falaise
    ∎ to cross over the road traverser la rue;
    ∎ they live over the road from me ils habitent en face de chez moi;
    ∎ there's a fine view over the valley on a une belle vue sur la vallée;
    ∎ the bridge over the river le pont qui enjambe la rivière;
    ∎ he ran his eye over the article il a parcouru l'article des yeux;
    ∎ she ran her hand over the smooth marble elle passa la main sur le marbre lisse;
    ∎ we travelled for days over land and sea nous avons voyagé pendant des jours par terre et par mer;
    ∎ a strange look came over her face son visage prit une expression étrange
    ∎ the village over the hill le village de l'autre côté de la colline;
    ∎ they must be over the border by now ils doivent avoir passé la frontière maintenant
    B.
    ∎ to rule over a country régner sur un pays;
    ∎ I have no control/influence over them je n'ai aucune autorité/influence sur eux;
    ∎ she has some kind of hold over him elle a une certaine emprise sur lui;
    ∎ she watched over her children elle surveillait ses enfants
    (b) (indicating position of superiority, importance) sur;
    ∎ a victory over the forces of reaction une victoire sur les forces réactionnaires;
    ∎ our project takes priority over the others notre projet a priorité sur les autres
    C.
    (a) (with specific figure or amount → more than) plus de;
    ∎ it took me well/just over an hour j'ai mis bien plus/un peu plus d'une heure;
    ∎ he must be over thirty il doit avoir plus de trente ans;
    ∎ children over (the age of) 7 les enfants (âgés) de plus de 7 ans;
    ∎ think of a number over 100 pensez à un chiffre supérieur à 100;
    ∎ not over 250 grams (in post office) jusqu'à 250 grammes
    ∎ his voice rang out over the others sa voix dominait toutes les autres;
    ∎ I couldn't hear what she was saying over the music la musique m'empêchait d'entendre ce qu'elle disait
    ∎ eight over two huit divisé par deux
    ∎ I've got a job over the long vacation je vais travailler pendant les grandes vacances;
    ∎ I'll do it over the weekend je le ferai pendant le week-end;
    ∎ what are you doing over Easter? qu'est-ce que tu fais pour Pâques?;
    ∎ it's improved over the years ça s'est amélioré au cours ou au fil des années;
    ∎ over the next few decades au cours des prochaines décennies;
    ∎ over a period of several weeks pendant plusieurs semaines;
    ∎ we discussed it over a drink/over lunch/over a game of golf nous en avons discuté autour d'un verre/pendant le déjeuner/en faisant une partie de golf
    D.
    (a) (concerning) au sujet de;
    ∎ a disagreement over working conditions un conflit portant sur les conditions de travail;
    ∎ they're always quarrelling over money ils se disputent sans cesse pour des questions d'argent;
    ∎ to laugh over sth rire (à propos) de qch;
    ∎ there's a big question mark over his future nous n'avons aucune idée de ce qu'il va devenir
    (b) (by means of, via)
    ∎ they were talking over the telephone ils parlaient au téléphone;
    ∎ I heard it over the radio je l'ai entendu à la radio
    ∎ are you over your bout of flu? est-ce que tu es guéri ou est-ce que tu t'es remis de ta grippe?;
    ∎ he's over the shock now il s'en est remis maintenant;
    ∎ we'll soon be over the worst le plus dur sera bientôt passé;
    ∎ it took her a long time to get over his death elle a mis longtemps à se remettre de sa mort;
    ∎ don't worry, you'll be or get over her soon ne t'en fais pas, bientôt tu n'y penseras plus
    A.
    (a) (indicating movement or location, across distance or space)
    ∎ an eagle flew over un aigle passa au-dessus de nous;
    ∎ she walked over to him and said hello elle s'approcha de lui pour dire bonjour;
    ∎ he led me over to the window il m'a conduit à la fenêtre;
    ∎ he must have seen us, he's coming over il a dû nous voir, il vient vers nous ou de notre côté;
    ∎ pass my cup over, will you tu peux me passer ma tasse?;
    ∎ throw it over! (over the wall etc) lance-le par-dessus!; (throw it to me) lance-le moi!;
    ∎ she glanced over at me elle jeta un coup d'œil dans ma direction;
    ∎ she leaned over to whisper to him elle se pencha pour lui chuchoter quelque chose à l'oreille;
    ∎ over in the States aux États-Unis;
    ∎ over there là-bas;
    ∎ come over here! viens (par) ici!;
    ∎ has Colin been over? est-ce que Colin est passé?;
    ∎ she drove over to meet us elle est venue nous rejoindre en voiture;
    ∎ let's have or invite them over for dinner si on les invitait à dîner?;
    ∎ we have guests over from Morocco nous avons des invités qui viennent du Maroc
    ∎ she's travelled the whole world over elle a voyagé dans le monde entier;
    ∎ people the world over are watching the broadcast live des téléspectateurs du monde entier assistent à cette retransmission en direct
    ∎ I fell over je suis tombé (par terre);
    ∎ she knocked her glass over elle a renversé son verre;
    ∎ he flipped the pancake over il a retourné la crêpe;
    ∎ American familiar over easy (egg) cuit sur les deux côtés;
    ∎ they rolled over and over in the grass ils se roulaient dans l'herbe;
    ∎ and over I went et me voilà par terre
    ∎ we just whitewashed it over nous l'avons simplement passé à la chaux;
    ∎ the bodies were covered over with blankets les corps étaient recouverts avec des couvertures
    (e) (into the hands of another person, group etc)
    ∎ he's gone over to the other side/to the opposition il est passé de l'autre côté/dans l'opposition;
    ∎ they handed him over to the authorities ils l'ont remis aux autorités ou entre les mains des autorités;
    ∎ Radio & Television and now over to Kirsty Jones in Paris nous passons maintenant l'antenne à Kirsty Jones à Paris;
    ∎ over to you (it's your turn) c'est votre tour, c'est à vous;
    ∎ Telecommunications over (to you)! à vous!;
    ∎ over and out! terminé!
    B.
    (a) (left, remaining)
    ∎ there were/I had a few pounds (left) over il restait/il me restait quelques livres;
    ∎ you will keep what is (left) over vous garderez l'excédent ou le surplus;
    ∎ seven into fifty-two makes seven with three over cinquante-deux divisé par sept égale sept, il reste trois
    (b) (with specific figure or amount → more) plus;
    ∎ men of 30 and over les hommes âgés de 30 ans et plus;
    ∎ articles costing £100 or over les articles de 100 livres et plus
    ∎ read it over carefully lisez-le attentivement;
    ∎ do you want to talk the matter over? voulez-vous en discuter?
    (d) (again, more than once) encore;
    ∎ American I had to do the whole thing over j'ai dû tout refaire;
    ∎ she won the tournament five times over elle a gagné le tournoi à cinq reprises
    fini;
    ∎ the party's over la fête est finie;
    ∎ the danger is over le danger est passé;
    ∎ the war was just over la guerre venait de finir ou de s'achever;
    ∎ I'm glad that's over (with)! je suis bien content que ça soit fini!;
    ∎ that's over and done with voilà qui est fini et bien fini
    4 noun
    (in cricket) série f de six balles
    Typography (extra paper) main f de passe, simple passe f; (extra books) exemplaires mpl de passe
    en plus de;
    ∎ over and above what we've already paid en plus de ce que nous avons déjà payé;
    ∎ and over and above that, he was banned from driving for life en plus, on lui a retiré son permis (de conduire) à vie
    ∎ I've told you over and over (again) je te l'ai répété je ne sais combien de fois;
    ∎ he did it over and over (again) until… il a recommencé des dizaines de fois jusqu'à ce que…
    ⓘ They think it's all over (...it is now) Ces mots, précédés de la phrase some people are on the pitch... ("il y a quelques personnes sur le terrain"), furent prononcés par Kenneth Wolstenholme, commentateur sportif de la BBC, au moment où Geoff Hurst marqua un dernier but pour l'Angleterre dans les dernières secondes de la finale de la Coupe du monde de football de 1966, qui vit l'Angleterre l'emporter face à la République fédérale d'Allemagne. Aujourd'hui on utilise cette expression ("ils croient que c'est terminé,... maintenant, c'est terminé") en anglais britannique lorsque quelqu'un s'imagine à tort qu'une chose est terminée, ou bien au moment même où cette chose s'achève.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > over

  • 3 precedence

    noun ((the right of) going before in order of importance etc: This matter is urgent and should be given precedence over others at the moment.) precedencia, prioridad
    tr['presɪdəns]
    1 (order of importance) precedencia; (priority) preferencia, prioridad nombre femenino
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    in order of precedence por orden de preferencia
    to take precedence over somebody/something tener prioridad sobre alguien/algo
    precedence ['prɛsədənts, prɪ'si:dənts] n
    : precedencia f
    n.
    • anterioridad s.f.
    • precedencia s.f.
    • prioridad s.f.
    'presədəns
    mass noun precedencia f
    ['presɪdǝns]
    N (in rank) precedencia f ; (in importance) prioridad f

    in order of precedence — (=rank) por orden de precedencia; (=importance) por orden de prioridad

    to take precedence over sth/sb — tener prioridad/precedencia sobre algo/algn

    * * *
    ['presədəns]
    mass noun precedencia f

    English-spanish dictionary > precedence

  • 4 precedence

    noun, no pl.
    Priorität, die (geh.) ( over vor + Dat., gegenüber); Vorrang, der ( over vor + Dat.)
    * * *
    ['presidəns]
    noun ((the right of) going before in order of importance etc: This matter is urgent and should be given precedence over others at the moment.) der Vorrang
    * * *
    prec·edence
    [ˈpresɪdən(t)s, AM -ədən(t)s]
    1. (priority) Priorität f, Vorrang m
    to give \precedence to sb/sth jdm/etw den Vorrang geben [o Priorität einräumen]
    to take \precedence [over sth/sb] Priorität [o Vorrang] [gegenüber jdm/etw] haben
    caring for my children takes \precedence over everything else die Versorgung meiner Kinder ist das Allerwichtigste für mich
    2. ( form: order of priority) Rangordnung f
    the order of \precedence for titled nobility is... die Hierarchie der Adelstitel lautet...
    to take \precedence over sb ranghöher als jd sein, im Rang über jdm stehen
    * * *
    ['presIdəns]
    n
    (of person) vorrangige Stellung (over gegenüber); (of problem etc) Vorrang m (over vor +dat)

    to take or have precedence over sb/sth — vor jdm/etw Vorrang haben

    to give precedence to sb/sth — jdm/einer Sache Vorrang geben

    the guests entered the hall in order of precedence —

    * * *
    precedence [ˈpresıdəns; priːˈsiːdəns; prıˈsiː-] s
    1. Voran-, Vorhergehen n:
    have the precedence of sth einer Sache (zeitlich) vorangehen
    2. Vorrang m, Vorzug m, Vortritt m, Vorrecht n:
    take precedence of ( oder over) → academic.ru/57366/precede">precede A 2
    3. Rangordnung f
    * * *
    noun, no pl.
    Priorität, die (geh.) ( over vor + Dat., gegenüber); Vorrang, der ( over vor + Dat.)
    * * *
    n.
    Vorrang -¨e m.
    Vorzug -¨e m.

    English-german dictionary > precedence

  • 5 preference

    noun
    1) (greater liking) Vorliebe, die

    for preference — see academic.ru/57497/preferably">preferably

    have a preference for something [over something] — etwas [einer Sache (Dat.)] vorziehen

    2) (thing preferred)

    what are your preferences? — was wäre dir am liebsten?

    3) (favouring of one person or country) Präferenzbehandlung, die

    give [one's] preference to somebody — jemanden bevorzugen

    4) attrib. (Brit. Finance) Vorzugs-, Prioritäts[obligation, -aktie]
    * * *
    ['pre-]
    noun ((a) choice of, or (a) liking for, one thing rather than another: He likes most music but he has a preference for classical music.) die Vorliebe
    * * *
    pref·er·ence
    [ˈprefərən(t)s]
    n
    1. no pl (priority) Priorität f, Vorzug m
    I phoned Mary in \preference to Liz because... ich habe lieber Mary als Liz angerufen, weil...
    in order of \preference nach Prioritäten
    to give \preference to sb/sth [or sb/sth \preference] jdm/etw den Vorzug geben [o Priorität einräumen]
    to be given \preference Vorrang haben, vorrangig behandelt werden
    to give \preference to sb/sth [or give sb/sth \preference] over sb/sth jdm/etw vor jdm/etw den Vorzug geben
    why do you never give me \preference over your work? warum ist dir deine Arbeit immer wichtiger als ich?
    2. no pl (greater liking) Vorliebe f ( for für + akk)
    her \preference is for comfortable rather than smart clothes sie kleidet sich lieber bequem als schick
    sexual \preference sexuelle Neigung
    3. (preferred thing) Vorliebe f
    what are your \preferences in music? welche Musik hören Sie am liebsten?
    which is your personal \preference? was ist Ihnen persönlich lieber?
    ▪ to have a \preference for sth eine Vorliebe für etw akk haben, etw bevorzugen
    red or white wine? — I have no \preference Rotwein oder Weißwein? — ich mag beides
    to express a \preference sagen, was man [lieber] mag
    4. FIN [Gläubiger]begünstigung f
    special \preferences Sonderkonditionen pl
    * * *
    ['prefərəns]
    n
    1) (= greater liking) Vorliebe f

    to have a preference for sth — eine Vorliebe für etw haben, etw bevorzugen

    2)

    (= thing preferred) what is your preference? — was wäre Ihnen am liebsten?

    3) (= greater favour) Vorzug m

    to give preference to sb/sth —

    * * *
    preference [ˈprefərəns] s
    1. a) Bevorzugung f, Vorzug m ( beide:
    above, before, over, to vor dat):
    give preference to sb jemandem den Vorzug geben;
    he always drinks wine in preference to beer er trinkt lieber Wein als Bier;
    she bought the more expensive coat in preference to the cheaper one sie kaufte den teureren Mantel und nicht den billigeren
    which of the two is your preference? welches von beiden ziehen Sie vor oder haben Sie lieber?
    2. Vorliebe f ( for für):
    a) mit (besonderer) Vorliebe,
    b) lieber;
    his preference is for er bevorzugt (akk)
    3. Wahl f:
    of sb’s preference nach (jemandes) Wahl
    4. WIRTSCH, JUR Vor(zugs)recht n, Priorität(srecht) f(n), Bevorrechtigung f:
    preference bond Prioritätsobligation f;
    preference dividend Vorzugsdividende f;
    preference share Br Vorzugsaktie f
    5. WIRTSCH
    a) Vorzug m, Vergünstigung f
    b) Vorzugs-, Meistbegünstigungstarif m (Br besonders zwischen Mutterland und Commonwealth)
    6. WIRTSCH, JUR bevorzugte Befriedigung (auch im Konkurs):
    (fraudulent) preference Gläubigerbegünstigung f
    pref. abk
    1. preface Vorw.
    4. LING prefix
    * * *
    noun
    1) (greater liking) Vorliebe, die

    have a preference for something [over something] — etwas [einer Sache (Dat.)] vorziehen

    3) (favouring of one person or country) Präferenzbehandlung, die

    give [one's] preference to somebody — jemanden bevorzugen

    4) attrib. (Brit. Finance) Vorzugs-, Prioritäts[obligation, -aktie]
    * * *
    n.
    Vorliebe -n f.
    Vorzug -¨e m.

    English-german dictionary > preference

  • 6 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

См. также в других словарях:

  • priority — pri·or·i·ty 1 /prī ȯr ə tē/ n pl ties: precedence in exercise of rights in the same subject matter secured interests have priority over unsecured ones priority 2 adj 1: having precedence over another in the exercise of rights in the same subject …   Law dictionary

  • priority — [prī ôr′ə tē, prīär′ə tē] n. pl. priorities [ME priorite < ML prioritas] 1. the fact or condition of being prior; precedence in time, order, importance, etc. 2. a) a right to precedence over others in obtaining, buying, or doing something b)… …   English World dictionary

  • priority — Used for listed equity securities. System used in an auction market, in which the first bid or offer price is executed before other bid and offer prices, even if subsequent orders are larger. NYSE rules stipulate that the bid made first should be …   Financial and business terms

  • Priority Records — infobox record label name = Priority Records image bg = black parent = EMI founded = 1985 founder = Bryan Turner Mark Cerami Steve Drath distributor = Capitol Records (In the US) genre = Various country = US location = url =… …   Wikipedia

  • Relativity priority dispute — Albert Einstein presented the theories of Special Relativity and General Relativity in groundbreaking publications that either contained no formal references to previous literature, or referred only to a small number of his predecessors for… …   Wikipedia

  • Audio over IP — Streaming audio over IP networks is being increasingly used by broadcasting companies, among others, to provide high quality audio feeds (for example to provide audio links between a sports venue or concert hall and the broadcaster s studios).… …   Wikipedia

  • Voice over IP — Digital voice redirects here. For the commercial service, see Comcast Digital Voice. Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP) is a family of technologies, methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission techniques for the… …   Wikipedia

  • Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Winter Olympics — 2010 Winter Olympics Bid process Venues Mascots Concerns and controversies Torch relay (route) Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Medal table (medalists) Event calendar Chronological summary Closing ceremony Dave Pierce (music director) Paralympics… …   Wikipedia

  • Liturgical calendar (Lutheran) — The Lutheran liturgical calendar is a listing which details the primary annual festivals and events that are celebrated liturgically by various Lutheran churches. The calendars of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and the… …   Wikipedia

  • Iran National Science Foundation — The Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) (صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران کشور in Persian) is an Iranian government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the fields of science, engineering and medical science.The current INSF …   Wikipedia

  • mortgage — /morgaj/ A mortgage is an interest in land created by a written instrument providing security for the performance of a duty or the payment of a debt. At common law, an estate created by a conveyance absolute in its form, but intended to secure… …   Black's law dictionary

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»